Laptop won't boot. Can only access UEFI. Installation usb won't work.

I have an old HDD from an older computer that still works. It also has a Windows 7 OS inside it. Can I use that to see if there is a different problem with the computer? As you said, there could be a different problem that could explain the issues, because I wasn't able to boot my Windows from my USB. Currently, I don't have access to an SSD that I can test to see if a hard drive replacement would work, so maybe I coild use an old HDD to test that instead? Thanks :)

For retail editions they can be moved to any computer.
OEM versions are generally married to the motherboard.

The BIOS on one computer can be UEFI and Legacy on another.
The drive partition structure can be MBR or GPT.
So these may need to be modified when testing.

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You should buy a SSD. A 1T SSD cost the same (US$ 100) of a first line HDD. With a SSD, your computer will boot in seconds (~20 s) and open programs at a blink of an eye.
Once you have the SSD or HDD to replace the current, DON'T clone the defective HDD to the new drive. You can't trust what you have on the defective HDD. Do a clean install and then restore your data from the backup.

I got around to purchasing an SSD and the laptop ended up working perfectly and very fast. Thanks everyone