All of a sudden I cannot access anymore imdb.com and walmart.com on my laptop (Dell 13 Inspiron 7386). IMDB loads for a second then it displays "Application error: a client-side exception has occurred (see the browser console for more information)". Walmart loads for a fraction of a second, then the page goes white. I use Firefox, Edge, Brave, Vivaldi and Slimjet. Walmart started to work in Slimjet after installing Java, but the other browsers didn't. Cleaning the cache, cookies, etc... doesn't help. Neither does uninstalling/reinstalling the browsers. IMDB partially works if I disable Java scripts, but that is not an acceptable solution.
I installed Windows 11 on a separate SSD and it works fine in all browsers. I couldn't find any solution on Google. So far I didn't have problems with any other sites, including all my banks, but there may be others affected, who knows.
I'll appreciate any help and useful suggestions!
(Windows 10 Enterprise 64-bit LTSC 2021 21H2 build 19044.3693)

Edit: I forgot to mention that Edge stopped loading the Start page as well.

Edit2: I've just discovered that Quora doesn't load either. Neither directly nor from an email when I click "Read more"....

- - - Updated - - -

It seems nobody has a solution for this problem. I had then to waste a lot of time to restore Windows 10 installation from an older backup. Of course, that backup was not up to date, so I had to update Windows and enough applications to make it current.
My bad luck! But now everything works again in Windows 10 (and Windows 11).