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#21
Some chromebooks can be charged by putting power into a usb socket. If that is the case for one of your usb ports it makes it different from the other one. The different circuitry may limit the power that can be taken out of that particular port.
As the hard drive enclosure works in one of the ports it suggests the enclosure isn't at fault. It should be safe to use it in the one port that works and on your PCs.