Updates and Troubleshooter not working.

Did you at any time see any sort of failure message or indication that it was rolling back to the previous build?

If you look at the tutorial, did the sequence proceed as per the pictures in that?

Are you certain the iso is the same base language as your installed OS?

Please post a screenshot of your partitions using Minitool Partition Wizard (free) expanding columns as necessary to show all text.
To post a screenshot please use the icon to the left of the video icon above your post.

If you had done something to reconfigure Windows in an incompatible manner, you would likely have got a somewhat confusing message very early on. It's possible that what you have done may be related to the failure.

Did you move your user profile like this?
Move Users Folder Location in Windows 10 Windows 10 Tutorials

Please locate, zip and upload these log files:

C:\$Windows.~BT\Sources\Panther
The panther logs are often hidden. Configure file explorer so that you can find the hidden files.
Locate these logs and post share links in the forum:
setuperr.log
setupact.log
Setupmem.dmp
$Windows.~bt\Sources\Rollback\setupmem.dmp
$Windows.~bt\Sources\Rollback\*.evtx
setupapi.dev.log
$Windows.~bt\Sources\Rollback\setupapi\setupapi.dev.log
BlueBox.log

Thanks.

Hi, partitions - what you'd expect is to see all the partitions for Windows on 1 drive.

Disk 1: System Reserved, Recovery partition
Disk 3: Another System Reserved partition
Disk 2: C - presumably Windows. There is adequate free space.
Disk 2: 1st partition - marked Active and Boot.

This is a MBR configuration; by default I would expect 3 partitions.
BIOS/MBR-based hard drive partitions | Microsoft Docs

You appear to have elements of two Windows installations, and a partition (1st on Disk 2) which puzzles me.

Have you perhaps had Windows installed on more than one of these disks at some time, or a dual boot configuration?
I would prefer to leave that to someone more familiar with partition layout.

The logs don't appear to show anything helpful: the Bluebox log reports one type of error related to drivers:
[Exit status: FAILURE(0x000006be)]

Given

Unfortunately, I did the move before I found out that was a bad thing. I still have the user directory on C:, I had just created directories on E: with the same names to move my pictures, documents, and videos into so C: would have space.

my current view is you'd probably be looking at a clean install.

Ok, make sure you've backed up everything you need; the first thing to do after you've clean installed (no real reason not to accept updates during that), is to make sure everything's working- no driver issues- don't change anything, but create your first new base disk image saved on external storage.

Then keep a simple log of changes, and at suitable points update your disk image set- create a differential image e.g.

That way you keep securing your position. (Hmm, sounds almost military terminology...)