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#240
I was having a similar error, I attempted to install it like 15 times, I tried everything, deleting the Software Distribution files, a Windows Update fix exe from Microsoft, etc.
Finally I noticed there was some funny business going on with the Windows Insider Program, I never opted in but the option to opt in was greyed out, which I found weird, like if I couldn't do it now or it was already activated.
I followed these instructions to disable Windows Insider from a group policy: Enable or Disable Insider Build Settings in Windows 10
I restarted my PC and I was able to install it.
I have no idea what did the trick (I really doubt it was that last change.. who knows) but it finally worked.