Passwords-Accounts ... varieties for the fuzzy headed

Hello to the forum from someone who has just realised he did not fully understand passwords, accounts, logins, hellos, pins and needles. (w10p 1909 build up-to-date, fingerprint, tpm, digital license, MS Acount linked, fingerprint, PIN and FIDO2 key).
From a "password" comment by "Kbird" at the end of this tutorial regarding AHCI ...
Enable AHCI in Windows 8 and Windows 10 after Installation

Precis of my reply to make more sense below ....
When starting with Win10 the use of words "password" and "account" seemed to be straightforward ... but I was not concentrating.
This post is to try a straighten my ides and hopefully encourage the wizards to give the proper explanation for those of us who perhaps need another cup of coffee !

Account - Microsoft is something that covers a variety of Microsoft products and includes operating systems such as Win10. It is a personal account not a device account (?).
Account - Local is a user account on a specific machine only and has no 'direct' connection to any other account including the Microsoft Account.
Account - User is the thing we use as individuals on a specific machine.
Account - Computer (to use the terminology of this Dell laptop during first install of Win10pro) ... not sure about this version of "account" yet.

Password - Microsoft Account is the string of characters used to gain access to the Microsoft Account only and requires internet access.
Password - Local Account is the string used only for a specific machine and does not require internet access.
Password - Computer required by Windows during first install at approx blue box 5 for the "Computer Account". Never used this password and dont know what it is for ...EXCEPT that I have now changed profiles from original and could this be a potential new Microsoft Account Password ?

"PIN" - is a string used to access a specific machine user account and is stored only on machine and does not require internet access.
"PIN" is not a way to access the general Microsoft Account that covers other Microsoft products.

"Security Key" is a physical thing usually plugged into usb port and can be used to gain access to user account ... but ... is this to Microsoft Account and therefore internet dependent ? Or only to machine account PIN and not internet dependent ?

Two parts to this ramble .... better explanation sought and interest in the need or otherwise of internet access and consequences of choosing or not differing methods ... and likelihood of less favoured methods being discontinued and leaving people in the dark ...

Have I got the rough idea?

Thank you "TairikuOkami".
Another bit added to the jigsaw.
MS Edge browser is a special case for "PIN".
And I notice that on my MS Office 2016 I get asked occasionally for a login and can use fingerprint ... have not tried or been asked for another method yet, so know no more.
Paul

Pavl said:

Password - Microsoft Account is the string of characters used to gain access to the Microsoft Account only and requires internet access.

Signing in to Windows with a Microsoft Account does not require internet access.

Thank you "NMI".
I was only using term 'password' for Microsoft Account and was under the impression the you cannot sign in to MS Account offline ?
This is part of my issue ... I thought the word "password" (in Win10 login terms) applies only to the MS Account whereas "pin" applies to machine usually but with additional MS Account use within MS Edge and maybe other browsers via extensions. Still online though.

Pavl said:

I was only using term 'password' for Microsoft Account and was under the impression the you cannot sign in to MS Account offline ?

That is incorrect; you can sign into Windows with a Microsoft Account offline.

Pavl said:

This is part of my issue ... I thought the word "password" (in Win10 login terms) applies only to the MS Account

That is incorrect; Local Accounts have passwords too.

Pavl said:

whereas "pin" applies to machine usually but with additional MS Account use within MS Edge and maybe other browsers via extensions. Still online though.

A PIN is always restricted to one machine because it doesn't get stored anywhere else.

A PIN for a Microsoft Account still doesn't require internet access.

A PIN can also be used with a Local Account.

Thank you "NMI"
Very helpful.
So will revise my version on first post soon.