How to share running programs/desktop under different user accounts?

Typically, we use some set of simulation/diagnostic programs, which must keep running for some period of time without any interruption on a shared workstation.

But we also need to keep separate user accounts for each participant due to security reasons - therefore, no shared user account is permitted.

We'd like to achieve the state, when one person locks the workstation at the end of his shift and another person switches to his user account and can see the same desktop and UI of all running programs, so that he can continue his work without interrupting these running programs.

How to do it? (W10 Enterprise)

I know Windows has separate user profiles and desktops, programs "run as someuser" are not accessible for another user, but I don't think we are the only company in the world with such need. Some solution must exist.

Many thanks for your suggestions.

This sounds too simple, so may not work: Start the required 'keep running' programs under user A, and instead of logging off, switch to user B. Programs running under 'A' should keep going. Whether you can see them running and interact with them is another matter. If you want interaction, that is sharing of a sort, and seems incompatible with your 'no shared account' rule. I hope more expert suggestions will roll in...

Your stated requirements are imprecise so it is difficult to tell what they are.
mngerhold is describing fast user switching but I don't think that is what you want. Applications running under different accounts run in separate sessions. They can share the same user profile, that is the same desktop shortcuts and other configuration. But the applications they run will be isolated. Applications started by other user accounts will continue to run but there is no ability see them, let alone interact with them. These are basic concepts of the Windows security model and are not changeable. There are services that run independent of whoever is logged it but they can not have a user interface. Windows is quite strict about that.