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#460
I am not a fan of cloning, mostly because based on my own experience using (copying, cloning) an existing Windows installation with all its hardware drivers on another hard drive without preparing the image to this new hardware. This is why I do never clone Windows installation if I want to use it as is on other hardware. Please notice this is my personal, subjective opinion; other geeks might protest and tell cloning is OK :)
Instead I prepare my Windows install image with all my customizations and installed software to be hardware independent using the method described in this tutorial: Windows 10 Image - Customize in Audit Mode with Sysprep - Windows 10 Forums
I do not know if it's the above or something else but I have never seen nor experienced the browser issues you told about. I have no ideas, no tips t tell to you.
Kari