32 bit or 64 bit OS has ZERO to do with 16/24/32 bit audio, that is entirely down to whatever audio hardware and software is used.
The only way you're going to get better is to get an external audio device of some kind, there is no way to change what is inside the laptop.
That is because there is no driver that will change the fact that the chipset inside your laptop on the motherboard is driven by software and cannot do anything better, because of how Intel designed it. Get a real laptop and some professional studio equipment, if you want studio quality recordings.
That setting has nothing to do with recording in DAW. That setting is for 2 applications running at the SAME time and both would be using the audio chip in SHARED mode (i.e. playing video games and skyping at the same time). DAW runs in EXCLUSIVE mode --- taking the whole audio chip for itself.
software - Cubase is blocking audio for other audio application - Sound Design Stack Exchange
Cubase is diabling audio for all other applications - how do I stop this? - www.steinberg.net
The OS runs in 64 bit. The DAW runs in 64 bit. The microphone's analog signal gets converted to digital signal via the audio interface's ADC (or your internal sound chip's ADC) at 16/24 bits.
Go to forums that specialize in studio recording in pro tools or Cubase and you will get better and more accurate answers.
Quote