So, I disabled recovery mode with bcdedit, and now it shows this:
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Edit: I replaced this file with one from healthy pc, and now it's all back to stage 1 - 0xc000021a and no fix working.

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I think I need to specify image? Cause "online" probably refers to recovery mode on X:

I've run chkdsk three times already, there was a lot of minor errors first time, now it shows 0 errors every time.

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Exactly. I know what safe mode is, I used it previously with older windows versions, but now every attempt at starting main installation results in BSOD crash.

It starts by itself on every next restart after BSOD crash.

After I did
bcdedit /set {default} safeboot minimal, windows still crashes with 021a on startup, but the recovery mode that starts after that is now in the safe mode.

Not really. If I choose Advanced-Startup Options in recovery mode, it restarts the PC, shows me startup selection screen, and immediately after I choose any of the safe modes, it shows "starting...

You mean with log collection tool? I can't start my windows at all, is there any way to run that tool in command prompt in recovery mode?

Hello. Yesterday I turned my PC off as usual, haven't seen any updates installing, the next time I turned it on, it crashed with BSOD 0xc000021a, then on restart it failed to fix the startup...