Replace old ASUS motherboard with new ASUS

I have an old desktop PC (2012) which I upgraded a year ago: Win7 to Win10, 4 to 16 GB RAM, switched main drive from HD to 512 GB SSD, two new 6 and 8 TB HDS, new fans. Great improvement. HOWEVER, it recently died, apparently to CPU overheating. [The original motherboard is an ASUS P8Z68-V/GEN3 Intel(R) Core(TM) i7-2600K CPU @ 3.40GHz 7.6 7.4.]
My question is: Is there anyway to simply replace the old ASUS motherboard in the same case w/power supply, etc . . . with a NEW (or similar) motherboard and still be able to use the Win10 system that’s on my SSD? (I can't get in touch with ASUS to ask the same question.)?
And,

You should be able to make such a swap, but are you sure you can even find a NEW board that will support the 2600K CPU??

You need to get a pristine used Z68 motherboard, just like we have to with socket 1366!

They're discontinued, just like good ol' LGA 1366!

For many, that means eBay! And it can be very stressful! As you need to make sure that the seller isn't intending on selling you a broken motherboard for parts. And when the motherboard arrives, you need to check the socket pins!

If it fails to boot, (no BIOS and no bleep either) highly likely, the motherboard has a bad socket!

(Fails to boot=This means the BIOS don't appear and it's common to still get a lit LED and fans.)

ignatzatsonic said:

You should be able to make such a swap, but are you sure you can even find a NEW board that will support the 2600K CPU??

Sorry, My misunderstanding. I meant that I want to get a motherboard with a faster CPU, the latest generation. I just want a board, with a new CPU, but one that will fit in the case and have sockets and connectors to my SSD, 2 HDs and a new graphics card. Also it would be nice if I could use the 4x4 GB RAMs that I already have.
Or, is it not possible to get a new board (updated ASUS?) that could accommodate my SSD, . . AND let me use the WIN 10 that I already have on the SSD.?

AddRAM said:

It`s quite a shame you killed a 2600K, regardless of how it happened, it was a great CPU.

I wish I knew how I 'killed' the 2600K. I got 8 good years out of it. Maybe it died of Covid-19?

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AddRAM said:

The latest Intel board is the Z390. The Z490 is the next generation. I am not sure if they`ve been released yet. Suppose to be released the end of May.

Best Motherboards for Gaming & Workstation Motherboards | ASUS USA

It`s all about how much you want to spend on a new Motherboard and CPU

Asus, MSI release Intel Z490 motherboard details with pricing | TechRadar

AddRAM. Thanks so much for the detailed information. I've just spent about 5 hours looking up components and fretting about what it would take to re-build my computer with all new components. It was daunting, not just making choices -- that was easy -- but what I might not know about. Questions of what fan or fans should I order, does the motherboard have the right slots, etc . . . In the end, and I'll decide after a good sleep, I'll probably just buy a basic workstation from Amazon, about twice the cost of building my own. But again thanks for getting me started.