Windows won't start after removing previous windows installation

Due to a reinstall my laptop had a dual boot system with windows 10 twice installed. Now I was finished with the migration and I used EaseUs Partition Master to remove the old partition and add the space to the new partition. But now my windows doesn't boot anymore. It gets to the windows logo and the waiting icon under it, but it doesn't go to the user logon screen. How can I repair this?

The old situation before the resize was:
Win 10 (old) 30 gb
Win 10 (new) 220 gb

What I have tried so far:
- Startup repair
- Bcd repair
- Bcd remove
- Boot in safe mode

Here are the details:

Startup repair
I've done it through the advanced startup menu and it says startup repair couldn't repair your PC
The log file, which I accessed through command prompt says that all tests were completed successfully, and boot status indicates that the OS booted successfully.

Bcd-repair
I have tried to rebuild the boot manager in command prompt with the following commands:

BOOTREC /SCANOS
BOOTREC /FIXMBR
BOOTREC /FIXBOOT
BOOTREC /REBUILDBCD

Bcd-remove
Also have I tried removing the bcd file entirely and rebuild it. I have followed this guide.

Safe mode
I can start up in safe mode but I cannot do anything. It is acting strange: I get a black screen, but if I move the mouse, I see visual for about a second. I see a moving mouse cursor and the text “safe mode” in every corner of the screen. But then the screen goes completely black again.

I know that everything is still there, because I can access it through command prompt.