Unable to update windows, only legacy USB install works.

I am problem solving a friends Asus x541ua (I7-7500U, 8GB,) laptop, its battery would not charge. It was running windows 10 20H1, to start i tried reinstalling the battery drivers, after this i tried to update windows to 20H2. This update kept failing at around 30%. The laptop would just lose power and restart. It does not lose power at any other time.

So believing this could be a faulty hard drive i created a bootable UEFI:USB for update 21H2 and did a clean wipe formatting the harddrive and reinstalling windows from the USB. This install went well until the point where after restarting, and booting from the harddrive the windows splash screen shows setting up devices 100% it then says windows is starting and then i get the message:

"Windows setup could not configure Windows to run on this computers hardware" and the computer restarts.

After many attempts changing BIOS setting i went back to my old windows 10 legacy USB. Version 1511. This installed perfectly and is running well, however it is also unable to update to 21H2 using the USB or windows update. It always fails by powering down and then is unable to recover the update and has to revert back.

After this i took a closer look at the bios and noticed the version was for a slightly different model, BIOS version 306 for the Asus x541uak. I have checked the back of the computer and the serial and it is a Asus x541ua, however under system info windows sees it as a Asus x541uak. Could this be stopping windows from updating? Is there any other possibility before i take the risk of forcing a new bios onto the system?

Thank you for any help

edit: I should say i understand MBR and GPT drive setup. The drive was deleted and i allowed windows to format it for the UEFI installs. After install i check and windows had setup the drive correctly with 3 partitions GPT.

Thank you dalchina for the reply.

I am upgrading on mains power as the battery is not working and the machine instantly shuts down when not on the mains.

I have already tried the suggestions from the two links you provided when first i noticed that windows would not upgrade. SFC and DISM scans found no problems, neither did the update troubleshooter.

After i received the "Windows setup could not configure Windows to run on this computer's hardware" i did try running msoobe.exe it did open the windows loading screen but then just hung for over 30min before i forced a restart.

I did not try loading drivers, perhaps the harddrive driver could be the problem, however i do not believe there is a specific driver for the drive. There is not one on the Asus website for this model, it is a standard seagate St1000 drive.

I have checked the HD with Seatools and checked the SMART there are no issues so i can rule that out.

I am now trying to work out if it is the Legacy/UEFI problem or if it is the 21H2 update that it the problem. So i am trying to install all updates one at a time from 1511 on a NTFS (legacy) drive. I do know that before i wiped the drive it was running GPT tables so UEFI with update 20H1 running.

If that fails i feel like the only option is to update the bios. Which so far has been impossible as i have no battery and easyflash wont let me bypass the check. Winflash also did not work as it said it could not work with current bios??

I have found the culprit, update 21H1 needs a BIOS update to install, I am running version 306, i need 311. All previous updates install with no problems (legacy and UEFI). So i am stuck as i cannot update the BIOS as the battery is dead. I will have to order a new one, so i can flash the BIOS and then install 21H1.
Thank you again for all your help, the Heidoc iso downloader was a great help, and a good tool that i will no doubt use again in the future!

All the best!