Show system MKLINK active

Check out Windows Sysinternals: Documentation, downloads and additional resources

Use Junction -s to list links under current folder

Junction

Junction is also a better tool than MKLink for creation and management

There is the FindLink applet in Sysinternals which can help find links to a specific file, if that is something that will help FindLinks but is probably not usefull here as you are looking for a link to a folder, of course if you have the name of file(s) that is located in the folder you are looking for ... which is why I mention it

The issue with SymLinks in a modern OS System Drive is that they are everywhere and a lot are owned by the TrustedInstaller user which has a special rights position and is actually above a regular Administrator Group User. - Also the whole System Security methodology for windows is based around the links in some system folders, WinSXS and other folders are full of them, which causes the issues you are seeing, the only way to get around this is to start the search lower down the file tree

Another option to reduce the access errors is to run the search as the Hidden Full Administrator which should have access to everything - this would also hopefully speed things up as the failure messages take time to generate

Am not certain but as far as I know a SymLink is a self contained object without any reference in the Registry

EDIT

Just came across this windows - View a list of symbolic links on system? - Super User that has two options that may work - redirecting the output to a text file could also allow you to search the results more easily - in CMD it's adding >> c:\output.txt to the end of the command - but not sure of powershell syntax

NTFSLinksView - View NTFS symbolic links and junction points to show junctions etc.

Link Shell Extension to view and manage links in File Explorer

Thanks for the NirSoft pointer/reminder, Fafhrd: I'd forgotten about this handy little tool. For exploration, it beats the pants off the otherwise excellent SysInternals junction too. I've got NirLauncher pinned to the Start10 menu, simply because it's so handy to have easy access to the whole suite of tools/utilities.
--Ed--

PS: the SpecialFoldersView tool is also handy for jumping into some of the most frequently-used symlinks based Folders as well.

Ed, you might want to take a look at KLS SOFT - WSCC - Windows System Control Center which also gives access to Nirsoft Utilities But also to Sysinternals and Windows own

Thanks, Barman! I know it's a great recommendation because I used to run WSCC on an earlier iteration of my current production system. Here's a link to an article I wrote about WSCC for TechTarget in March 2013: Windows System Control Center organizes utilities for admin toolboxes. I got tired of the constant (manual) updates and reverted back to NirLauncher. Maybe I should take another look!
Thanks again,
--Ed--