OK, very long story short - after my return from my holiday I pulled the trigger on a new graphics card - an ex-display item at a PC shop that's a tiny bit of an upgrade. (And I had another thorough dust while installing it, and found one of the case fans was pretty clogged, which I must have missed before.)
And I've not had a freeze in over a week. So I think that's that, it's solved.
So, it looks like the problem (in order of likelihood?) was either:
Unwell graphics card (and I guess upgrading to Windows 10 might have brought a minor/unobserved problem to the fore - a bit like changing a part on a classic car engine, which then has unforeseen ramifications elsewhere!)
or some weird Nvidia-ish driver issue (the new card is an AMD)
or too much heat building up in the case (unlikely, as I was monitoring it, but I suppose it's possible...)
Anyway, I will mark this as Solved. Thank you for your help!
I've lost far too much time on this to check whether the card is actually broken (I could install it in my daughter's PC, but she needs it for study, and I don't have any other desktops at the moment). However, I will be selling it on eBay - for Spares and Repair - to recoup a bit of the money spent on the new card. Perhaps the buyer will let me know if it works perfectly, and they've got a bargain (in which case, I'll try not to be too frustrated... ;-) ).
Of course, this being Windows, I've had one or two issues since (notably explorer.exe getting into a loop of crashing and restarting last week - that was a bit of a nightmare), and being an inveterate tinkerer, I subsequently put some slightly faster memory in as well... But that's a story for another day.
It seems to all be working at the moment, and finally I can get on with some work!