Let me ask you this:
Do you have an SSD that clearly identifies it is SATA3 in the caddy which you push into your laptop or do you have a mini SATA adapter enclosure that contains a choice storage device inside?
What are you read/write cache settings?
How much RAM do you have a new laptop? (Are you heavily swapping him?)
What are your bio settings? Any relevant settings such as disk I/O 32-bit?
What does your OS detect?
Have you checked the device manager?
Years ago I had this with an early 120 Mb SSD, a similar situation and it was driver related.
Ultimately you could try caching software such as Primocache from Romex software which can dramatically increase your performance.
Here are two crystal disc showing you the performance increase on a Samsung SSD 960 EDO NVMe.
The first one without the caching software:
This one here with the same SSD but with caching software set to 4 GB.
My computer everything seems to open instantly.
However sequential reads such as data transfers are faster the beginning but slow down as there's obviously no information in the cache.