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#21
1. Having used the recovery media recommended, I used it backup my windows installation due to the main drive supposeduly having errors - via HDTune's error check - despite CrystalDiskInfo reporting it as "healthy". Once restored, 99% of the errors were gone. By experimenting with Lazesoft Recovery Suite afterward to assist with the black screen at login with cursor, it had solved it and I was able to use my computer again.
2. Despite the error from the dism test, I restarted, signed into the test account and right-click was working again!
3. Even with the error from dism after, sfc /scannow brought no errors/conflicts with the system.
4. Winver shows Windows 10 - Version 1607 (OS Build 14393.1198)
5. Windows Update works just as normal.
By the looks of things, this seems to be solved. My PC is fine with day to day use, and apart from having to select which Windows installation to choose before login, there doesn't seem to be anything wrong.