Critical Process Died on my new build PC

Sistema = system?
Avvio = ?

Volume 0 should not be a system partition and is a reason why you're having issues.
When your system boots, Windows looks for a system partition. The system partition has a flag 'Active' meaning it is bootable and contains code that is being read and loaded into memory at boot, this code is the bootmgr. When this code is loaded into memory control is transferred to this partition and it will let bootmgr do its work.
Your boot files are on the SSD so the boot process can't continue.

The SSD contains the boot files, the HDD contains the identification that tells Windows to choose the HDD for booting.

To fix the boot issue with the HDD disconnected, the boot flag and the code needs to be removed and written to the SSD.
The easiest way to remove the boot flag and code is to wipe the HDD completely and use Macrium Reflect in the recovery media to fix boot issues.
Windows 10 Recovery Tools - Bootable Rescue Disk - Windows 10 Forums
Use Macrium Reflect Rescue Media to Fix Windows Boot Issues Windows 10 Tutorials

Yes.

Disconnect the hdd before installing should do the trick. On the next boot after installation, connect the drive and configure it in disk manager in Windows.

Without any information about the crash I can't tell what's wrong with it. Please follow the BSOD - Posting Instructions - Windows 10 Forums

Please change the language temporary to english so I can read the logs :)
​Language - Add, Remove, and Change in Windows 10 Windows 10 Tutorials