Unable to install Firefox browser

Firefox browser was installed on my system and worked normally. But suddenly, when I clicked on its icon on the taskbar, it shown an error (see snapshot #1)

So, I uninstalled Firefox and tried to install it again. After the installation, Firefox didn't start automatically. And when I clicked its icon on the desktop, I got an error (see snapshot #2)

And when I clicked on its icon on the taskbar, it showed an error (see snapshot #1).

Firefox installation path is C:\Program Files\Mozilla Firefox\firefox.exe (and when I click on firefox.exe, i got an error as in snapshot #2).

Just recently, I have done the Repair install of Windows 10.
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My system specs are:
Computer type: PC/Desktop
OS: Win 10 Pro 64-bit Version 22H2 (OS Build 19045.3086)
CPU: Intel i5-2500K 3.30GHz
Motherboard: ASUS P8z68-V
Memory: 8192 MB DDR3
Monitor(s) Displays: AOC 27"
Hard Drives:
HDD: Western Digital WDC WD 10EZEX-00BBHAD 1000,15 GB
SSD: INTEL SSDSC2KW240H6 240 GB
Internet Speed: UP - 1,000 KB Down - 500 KB
Browser: Google Chrome
Antivirus: Bitdefender / Malwarebytes

Thanks for the respond, Callender.
I followed your instructions (did it several times), but Firefox wouldn't start.
Unfortunately, I also lost all my icons pinned to the taskbar. Is there a way to return them automatically, all at once?
Here is a snapshot of the registry:

- - - Updated - - -

What is more... every few minutes a window pops up (see snapshot)

Thanks, Callender.
Re: (64-bit Firefox) C:\Program Files\Mozilla Firefox\firefox.exe

As I mentioned in the OP, when I click on firefox.exe, I got an error as in snapshot #2.

Hello Callender,
Actually, I have tried a clean install of Firefox. I used REVO UNIBSTALLER Pro, CCLEANER, and what not, to no success.
Do you have any other suggestions?

Success!
It wasn't easy.
I followed your instructions, Callender.
My Opera browser also failed to load. I tried to reinstall both, and both failed. Uninstalled them.
Then I decided to try another drive (HDD instead of SSD, which is C:\) and it's worked the charm.
I do not understand why it is so, but I am glad I did.
Thank you, Callender.
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BTW, there is another program (TorrentRover v1.3.5) that I'm unable to install.
Any advice?