Load Browser/Restore Win10 from Imaged Backup

Is there a way to load an application (Chrome browser) directly from an imaged backup of C: drive? Or even better, to restore an image of (an unbootable) Win10 entirely?

Background:
My laptop previously couldn’t boot-up due to a failed Win10 auto-update. After various unsuccessful repair, I gave up and re-installed Win10 from scratch. Before re-installing, I took an image of my old system (i.e. bad copy with boot failure).

Recently, I tried to login to an old Gmail account, but it doesn’t recognize me anymore (browser/IP combination?) and prompted me with a security question I set 10+ years ago… I can’t remember the answer since it’s never been requested in recent years.

As my IP should be the same/similar, I’m hoping if I use the same old Chrome version, Gmail will recognize me again.

So is there a way to load the old Chrome directly from the imaged backup?

Also now that I’ve re-installed Win10 and resolved the boot error, is there a way to the restore my old system into the new Win10? i.e. a Frankenstein version where the OS is the new Win10, but with my old files, applications etc. directly restored/ported in.

Many thanks for your help, really desperate as I have important stuff in the old Gmail.

Thanks, but's I think it's more than just copying the user profile as I need the exact old Chrome version as well?

(Unfortunately I don't have a recovery mobile/email on the old Gmail account, so the security question is the only way. Won't let me "recover account" too, although read that using old browser might help too, so trying this.)

From what I read and can also see in my other Gmail account, browser version is being recorded? And if not, then I'm in trouble because the only other variable (IP address) should be the same...

How do I get Google to challenge me? I would love that or be able to speak to a real human, as I can definitely provide enough information/history about the account or emails to verify myself as the owner. But what I read is that the automated "account recovery" form is the only way, and so far it's not allowing me to proceed further (although suggested using another familiar device may help)

Sorry what do you mean by user data backup? I have my password, but because I'm seen as logging in from a new device/browser, it's prompting me for an extra security verification, of which the only one on file is that ancient security question...

I have been trying to guess my answer to the old security question, and even answers which should be correct were rejected so I am quite concerned I'm going to be locked out completely at this rate... already experienced cooldown/waiting periods between I'm allowed to try again.

Hence why I want to find a way to just restore my old browser/system.

It's a very old Gmail account where recovery email/mobile was not compulsory, hence also why security question as I read that feature has actually been disable years ago.

I can access the user profile directory, but as mentioned from all I've read about Gmail account recovery, it's prompting me with extra security verification because I'm on an unfamiliar device/browser combination, hence what I need is to load the old Chrome version (with long version number) and not just the user profile.