How can I make disk stop crashing?

Back up, back up ... oh, did I mention you should back up if you haven't already?

Get e.g. Crystal Diskinfo, and inspect the SMART params of your disk- it gives a quick green/orange/red indication.

We strongly and repeatedly recommend disk imaging if you haven't already started using it. This lets you recover your PC even if you need to put a new disk in, quite quickly, probably without technical help. E.g. Macrium Reflect (free) + its boot medium + external storage for images.

Assuming it only happens with CS:GO and you can install every other game flawless you could try to delete CS:GO and install it in a different directory.

1) Go to your Games library in the Steam Client and right click CS:GO.
2) Click "Install Game" from the menu. A new window will appear. This new window will display the game title, the Disk space needed, the Disk space available on the drive Steam is installed to, an estimated download time and the location for install.
3) Under the Choose Location for Install, click the arrow and select "Create New Steam Library".
4) Choose the location for this library folder. For example: C:\SteamApps

Try to launch the game after the installation has completed. If the problem still persists try the following:

InC:\Program Files\Steam (x86)\SteamApps\ delete everything except for the Common folder ( Your games are stored there ) and steam.exe

Proceed to launch steam.exe and Steam should repair itself.

First thing I would of expected anybody to say about this is get steam to verify your game & ensure you have full antivirus scanned you pc.

Verify Integrity of Game Cache - How To's - Knowledge Base - Steam Support