Hi, fortunately I've had no problems with the smaller updates.
Fixing that range of problems sounds as if you'll need either to:
a. restore your most recent disk image (Do you use disk imaging? If you don't, you need to to preserve the state of your PC and restore it, and your sanity). (Aomei Backupper or Macrium Reflect - free + external storage medium + their boot CD/USB drive).
- full backup
- restore your PC to how it was in a defined time << an in-place upgrade (option b)
- replace your HDD (larger, broken, faster..)
or
b. in place upgrade install (which allows you to keep everything bar subsequent windows updates).
Repair Install Windows 10 with an In-place Upgrade - Windows 10 Forums
- it also leaves System Restore off, might break 1 or 2 associations, and might need you to set up WiFi again
- needs Win 10 iso/install medium
You could try system restore, of course, if you have it enabled, and any useful restore points.